Which symbiotic relationship features both species benefiting from the association?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Predation

Answer: (A)

Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction in which both species gain benefits from living together. In this type of relationship, the association enhances each partner’s survival or reproduction, making it one of the most stable and beneficial forms of interaction. A classic example is pollinators like bees and flowering plants: bees get nectar for food, while flowers get pollinated, increasing their chances of producing seeds. Another strong example is the relationship between corals and the photosynthetic algae living in their tissues; the algae provide sugars from photosynthesis, and the coral offers a protected environment and nutrients.

The other interactions don’t fit the description of both parties benefiting. Parasitism benefits one organism and hurts the other, such as a tapeworm obtaining nutrients at the host’s expense. Commensalism benefits one organism while the other is largely unaffected. Predation involves one organism killing and consuming another and is not a long-term, cooperative association between two organisms. Therefore, the situation where both species gain fits best with mutualism.